In order to identify the effects of the feeding mode of single-pen for each calf on the survival rate，diarrhea incidence and mortality of calves，the information concerning diarrheic calves from two experimental farms with similar conditions during 2013 to 2018 was statistically analyzed by retrospective cohort study. The results showed that，for farm A where the mode of single-pen for each calf was applied and farm B（control），the survival rates of calves were 98.11%（468/477）and 70.83%（306/432）respectively，OR=0.047（95%CI，0.023-0.093），P=0；the incidence rates of diarrhoea were 37.32%（178/477）and 50.93%（220/432），respectively；the mortality rates of diarrheic calves were 1.68%（8/477）and 12.73%（55/432），respectively，OR=8.553（95%CI，4.024-18.178），P=0；and the fatality rates of diarrheic calves were 4.49%（8/178）and 25.00%（55/220），respectively，OR=7.083（95%CI，3.273-15.328），P=0. In conclusion，by the feeding mode of single-pen for each calf，the survival rate could be improved，the incidence rate，mortality rate and fatality rate could be greatly reduced（P≤0.01）. Some basis was provided for improvement of the survival rate of calves through corresponding measures by farms，and the analytical methods were also enriched，so as to promote the overall management of farms and to increase their benefits.