In order to identify and improve the detection capacity of veterinary system laboratories，the veterinary laboratories at county/prefecture level were organized and compared by Qinghai Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019. Such comparison projects as PCR，ELISA and other traditional detection techniques were set up according to the status of disease prevalence every year. The results showed that the overall accuracy rates of laboratories from 2017 to 2019 were 50.00%，56.82% and 74.47%，respectively，those of samples were 90.75%，93.56% and 93.48%，respectively，with an increasing trend in general；the accuracy rates of all the projects were slightly different（P＞0.05）in all laboratories，and the accuracy rates of the laboratories at prefecture level were obviously higher than those at county level（P＜0.05）. In conclusion，the detection capacity of the laboratories at county/prefecture level was increasing year by year，most of the labs were able to carry out PCR，ELISA and some traditional detection items，while several laboratories needed to be improved in the above mentioned fields. In general，the detection capacity of the laboratories at county/prefecture level should be improved through increasing funds and inputs，strengthening management and operation training of the laboratories at grassroots level，etc.