Aptamer is a kind of single-stranded oligonucleotides（DNA or RNA）with affinity to specific target molecules due to its certain spatial structure. By adopting the technology of selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（SELEX），aptamers（A2 and A15）against spring viremia of carp virus（SVCV）were screened out for the first time. Real-time PCR，electrophoretic mobility shift assay，and virus neutralization showed that the aptamers could bind to SVCV，showing inhibitory effects to the virus. Therefore these aptamers had broad prospects for detection，prevention and treatment of SVC.