In order to identify the prevalence characteristics and purification effect of brucellosis in sheep and cattle in Yiwu County of Xinjiang，as required by the Diagnostic Technology of Animal Brucellosis，1 040 792 serum samples were collected from all cattle and sheep in the county consecutively from 2017 to 2021 to detect antibodies against Brucella by use of rose bengal plate test（RBT）and standard agglutination test（SAT），7 005 positive samples were detected，and the average positive rate was 0.67%，specifically，0.74% in cattle and 0.66% in sheep；the positive rates of cattle and sheep were 0.91% and 0.82% in spring，0.58% and 0.46% in autumn，respectively，with obvious difference in different seasons（P＜0.05）；the average positive rates of free-range households for cattle and sheep（0.76% and 0.67%）were higher than those in intensive farms（0 and 0.14%），with obvious difference（P＜0.05）. The average positive rate of brucellosis in cattle and sheep was 1.27% in 2017，and reduced to 0.49%，0.54%，0.30% and 0.60% respectively in the past four years since comprehensive purification measures were taken in 2018，and the positive rate decreased significantly（P＜0.05）compared with 2017；the average positive rates in sheep in Weizixia Township（3.18%），Yanchi Town（1.12%）and Naomaohu Town（1.00%）were significantly higher than those in other townships（0.18%-0.62%），while that in cattle in Yanchi Town（1.54%）was significantly higher than that in other townships（0.07%-0.50%），with significant difference（P＜0.05），and no positive case had been detected in Xiamaya Township since 2019 and in Weizixia Township since 2020. In conclusion，remarkable results had been achieved through the intervention measures taken in Yiwu County since 2018，although the control standard was still far away in general with potential risk of occurrence of brucellosis. Therefore，it was necessary to achieve the goal of purification through continuing to strengthen monitoring and efforts for prevention，control and awareness activities，increase quarantine supervision，improve farmers' awareness，and accelerate the purification of brucellosis.