In order to investigate the risk of spreading foot-and-mouth disease（FMD）and peste des petits ruminants（PPR）via cattle and sheep transported across provinces，the cattle and sheep introduced into Xinjiang via a checkpoint along the interprovincial highway during January 23 to February 22 in 2021 as well as relevant vehicles，personnel and environment around the checkpoint were randomly sampled to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus（FMDV）and peste des petits ruminants virus（PPRV）by fluorescence RT-PCR. It was found that，for the cattle and sheep，positive FMDV nucleic acid（1/1 083）was observed in one cattle in one vehicle/time，and positive PPRV nucleic acid（24/2 034）in 24 sheep in four vehicles/times；and for the environmental monitoring，positive PPRV nucleic acid（2/60）was detected in two vehicles. In conclusion，the introduced cattle and sheep posed a risk to the spreading of FMD and PPR，for which the quarantine and monitoring of diseases for animals transported across provinces should be standardized.