Viral nervous necrosis（VNN）is one of the global infectious marine fish diseases，causing a heavy harm to a variety of commercial fishes and enormous economic loss to aquaculture. Based on the surveillance results from 2016 to 2021，the species，specifications，susceptible water temperature，seasons，prevalent areas，types of infected farms and other factors related to the hosts were analyzed，it was found that the disease was mainly prevalent in grouper and other marine fish species，with long prevalence period，especially in summers and autumns when water temperature was high，and major mariculture areas in southern China. It was recommended，based on the prevalent rule of VNN in China，to strengthen breeding management，strictly implement quarantine for fish breeding，and to carry out further researches on VNN immunology，for the purpose of supporting effective prevention and control of VNN in marine fishes.