2019―2022年云南省禽类相关外环境禽流感病毒监测
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S851.3

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国家科技重大专项(2017ZX10103010)


Monitoring of Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry-related External Environment in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2022
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    摘要:

    为掌握云南省禽类相关外环境中禽流感病毒(AIV)污染状况及分布规律,2019—2022年应用荧光定量PCR方法,对云南省16个州(市)139个监测点6类环境样本进行AIV核酸检测,并对阳性样本进行H5、H7、H9等亚型分型检测。结果显示:共在全省139个监测点检测环境样本3 235份,检出阳性样本1 124份,总阳性率为34.74%;各亚型占比分别为H9亚型88.88%、H5与H9混合型4.27%、未分型3.47%、H5亚型3.02%、H7亚型0.36%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 146.66,P<0.05);2019―2022年的年均阳性率分别为28.76%、26.31%、38.06%、41.65%,不同年份间差异显著(χ2 = 56.86,P<0.001);不同类型样本的阳性率由高到低依次为笼具表面擦拭样本(41.82%)、宰杀或摆放禽肉案板擦拭样本(40.71%)、禽类饮水样本(30.02%)、禽类粪便样本(21.14%),不同类型样本的阳性率总体差异具有统计学意义(χ2 =146.66,P<0.05);不同监测场点的阳性率从高到低依次为城乡活禽市场(43.16%)、野生禽鸟栖息地(14.83%)、家禽规模养殖场(14.6%)、家禽散养户(14.11%)、家禽屠宰加工厂(0),各监测点间的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 263.71,P<0.001);全省各州(市)的阳性率为14.24%~69.62%,其中红河州(69.62%)、德宏州(59.23%)、西双版纳州(48.23%)阳性率较高,各地区间的差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 213.06,P<0.001)。结果表明:云南省禽类相关外环境中AIV污染较为严重,且呈加重趋势;血清型较为复杂,其中H9亚型占主导优势;污染范围较广,其中活禽市场污染最严重,是感染高风险区。结果提示,云南省应加强禽流感监测以及活禽市场的卫生管理,降低人间及禽间的禽流感疫情发生风险。

    Abstract:

    In order to identify the contamination and distribution of avian influenza virus(AIV)in poultry-related external environment in Yunnan Province,6 types of environmental samples collected from 139 monitoring points in 16 prefectures(municipalities)in the province were detected for AIV nucleic acids by fluorescence quantitative PCR from 2019 to 2022,and the positive samples were genotyped into H5,H7,H9 and other subtypes. The results showed that a total of 3 235 environmental samples were detected in 139 monitoring points across the province,and 1 124 positive samples were identified,with a total positive rate of 34.74 %;H5 subtype,H7 subtype,H9 subtype,the untyped as well as H5 and H9 mixture,accounted for 3.02%,0.36%,88.88%,3.47% and 4.27%,respectively,indicating differences with statistical significance(χ2 = 146.66,P<0.05);the positive rates were 28.76%,26.31%,38.06% and 41.65%,respectively in the four successive years,with significant differences among different years(χ2 = 56.86,P<0.001);for the types of samples,their positive rates were successively ranked from high to low as follows:wiped samples from cage surface(41.82%),wiped samples from butcher boards or counters for displaying poultry meat(40.71%),drinking water for poultry(30.02%)and poultry feces(21.14%),and the overall difference of all their positive rates was statistically significant(χ2 = 146.66,P<0.05);for different premises,their positive rates were successively ranked from high to low as follows:urban and rural live poultry markets(43.16%),wild bird habitats(14.83%),scaled poultry farms(14.6%),backyard poultry farms(14.11%),poultry slaughtering and processing plants(0),which were different with statistical significance(χ2 = 263.71,P<0.001);the positive rate of the 16 prefectures(municipalities)ranged from 14.24% to 69.62%,and was higher in Honghe Prefecture(69.62%),Dehong Prefecture(59.23%)and Xishuangbanna Prefecture(48.23%),indicating statistical differences(χ2 = 213.06,P<0.001). In conclusion,poultry related external environment was seriously,widely and increasingly contaminated with AIV in Yunnan Province;complex serotypes were detected,especially H9 subtype was dominant;live poultry markets were most seriously and considered as the areas with high risk. Therefore,monitoring of AIV and management of live poultry markets should be improved to reduce possible risk of occurrence.

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刘照生,罗春蕊,孙艳红,赵晓南,陈瑶瑶,张美玲,周洁楠.2019―2022年云南省禽类相关外环境禽流感病毒监测[J].《中国动物检疫》编辑部,2023,40(3):5-9.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-03-10
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