With rapid development of aquaculture，various emerging infectious diseases had constantly occurred，especially the diseases caused by nodaviruses，had made a large number of cultured aquatic animals die，posing a serious threat to the industry and ecological environment. Nodaviruses were divided into Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus，as well as the undetermined viruses，in which，the nodaviruses in aquatic animals mainly included fish nervous necrosis virus（NNV），covert mortality noda virus（CMNV），macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus（MrNV），movement disorder nodavirus（MDNV）and Korea shellfish nervous necrosis virus（KSNNV）. Many susceptible hosts could be infected by some nodaviruses，for example，mammals by Alphanodaviruses，fish by shrimp nodaviruses，and shellfish by fish nodaviruses，in addition，natural recombination was found from some nodaviruses by the researches in recent years，which endangered the industry. In the paper，the classification of nodaviridae，main types of nodaviruses in aquatic animals，and the researches on cross-species transmission and virus recombination were summarized，and potential risks of the nodaviruses newly discovered in the world were discussed，which could provide a reference for effective monitoring and control of the virus.